{
    "research": {
        "title": "AI Search Visibility in Italia",
        "subtitle": "Come ChatGPT, Gemini e Google AI scelgono brand e fonti nelle risposte generative",
        "version": "1.0",
        "publication_date": "2026-09-05",
        "total_prompts": 500,
        "main_panel_prompts": 480,
        "control_prompts": 20,
        "engines": 4,
        "replicates": 3,
        "total_observations": 6000,
        "brand_observations": 5760,
        "commercial_brand_families": 529
    },
    "engines": {
        "chatgpt": {
            "key": "chatgpt",
            "label": "ChatGPT",
            "responses": 1440,
            "surface_responses": 1440,
            "surface_rate_pct": 100,
            "commercial_brand_presence_pct": 57.01,
            "unprompted_visibility_pct": 54.93,
            "unprompted_visibility_given_surface_pct": 54.93,
            "avg_unprompted_brands": 1.288,
            "avg_unprompted_brands_given_surface": 1.288,
            "unique_unprompted_brand_families": 250,
            "seed_retention_pct": 100
        },
        "gemini": {
            "key": "gemini",
            "label": "Gemini",
            "responses": 1440,
            "surface_responses": 1440,
            "surface_rate_pct": 100,
            "commercial_brand_presence_pct": 65.69,
            "unprompted_visibility_pct": 64.1,
            "unprompted_visibility_given_surface_pct": 64.1,
            "avg_unprompted_brands": 1.765,
            "avg_unprompted_brands_given_surface": 1.765,
            "unique_unprompted_brand_families": 368,
            "seed_retention_pct": 98.04
        },
        "google_ai_mode": {
            "key": "google_ai_mode",
            "label": "Google AI Mode",
            "responses": 1440,
            "surface_responses": 1440,
            "surface_rate_pct": 100,
            "commercial_brand_presence_pct": 76.6,
            "unprompted_visibility_pct": 74.93,
            "unprompted_visibility_given_surface_pct": 74.93,
            "avg_unprompted_brands": 2.074,
            "avg_unprompted_brands_given_surface": 2.074,
            "unique_unprompted_brand_families": 366,
            "seed_retention_pct": 100
        },
        "google_ai_overview": {
            "key": "google_ai_overview",
            "label": "Google AI Overview",
            "responses": 1440,
            "surface_responses": 1081,
            "surface_rate_pct": 75.07,
            "commercial_brand_presence_pct": 52.5,
            "unprompted_visibility_pct": 50.49,
            "unprompted_visibility_given_surface_pct": 67.25,
            "avg_unprompted_brands": 1.115,
            "avg_unprompted_brands_given_surface": 1.486,
            "unique_unprompted_brand_families": 236,
            "seed_retention_pct": 86.27
        }
    },
    "top_brands": {
        "chatgpt": [
            {
                "rank": 1,
                "brand": "Google",
                "visibility_pct": 14.44,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 14.44,
                "mentions": 208,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0.83
            },
            {
                "rank": 2,
                "brand": "Samsung",
                "visibility_pct": 6.74,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 6.74,
                "mentions": 97,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0.62
            },
            {
                "rank": 3,
                "brand": "Meta",
                "visibility_pct": 4.86,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 4.86,
                "mentions": 70,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0.21
            },
            {
                "rank": 4,
                "brand": "Amazon",
                "visibility_pct": 4.65,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 4.65,
                "mentions": 67,
                "replicate_range_pp": 2.71
            },
            {
                "rank": 5,
                "brand": "MediaWorld",
                "visibility_pct": 4.03,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 4.03,
                "mentions": 58,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0.21
            },
            {
                "rank": 6,
                "brand": "Apple",
                "visibility_pct": 3.75,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 3.75,
                "mentions": 54,
                "replicate_range_pp": 1.25
            },
            {
                "rank": 7,
                "brand": "Microsoft",
                "visibility_pct": 3.4,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 3.4,
                "mentions": 49,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0.21
            },
            {
                "rank": 8,
                "brand": "Shopify",
                "visibility_pct": 2.92,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 2.92,
                "mentions": 42,
                "replicate_range_pp": 1.04
            },
            {
                "rank": 9,
                "brand": "Unieuro",
                "visibility_pct": 2.71,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 2.71,
                "mentions": 39,
                "replicate_range_pp": 1.25
            },
            {
                "rank": 10,
                "brand": "Lenovo",
                "visibility_pct": 2.36,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 2.36,
                "mentions": 34,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0.63
            }
        ],
        "gemini": [
            {
                "rank": 1,
                "brand": "Google",
                "visibility_pct": 16.88,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 16.88,
                "mentions": 243,
                "replicate_range_pp": 2.09
            },
            {
                "rank": 2,
                "brand": "Apple",
                "visibility_pct": 6.67,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 6.67,
                "mentions": 96,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0.83
            },
            {
                "rank": 3,
                "brand": "Amazon",
                "visibility_pct": 5.69,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 5.69,
                "mentions": 82,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0.62
            },
            {
                "rank": 4,
                "brand": "Facile.it",
                "visibility_pct": 5.69,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 5.69,
                "mentions": 82,
                "replicate_range_pp": 1.88
            },
            {
                "rank": 5,
                "brand": "Samsung",
                "visibility_pct": 5.63,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 5.63,
                "mentions": 81,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0.83
            },
            {
                "rank": 6,
                "brand": "Meta",
                "visibility_pct": 4.65,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 4.65,
                "mentions": 67,
                "replicate_range_pp": 1.25
            },
            {
                "rank": 7,
                "brand": "Motorola",
                "visibility_pct": 3.2,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 3.2,
                "mentions": 46,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0.84
            },
            {
                "rank": 8,
                "brand": "Luce-Gas.it",
                "visibility_pct": 2.71,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 2.71,
                "mentions": 39,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0.42
            },
            {
                "rank": 9,
                "brand": "Segugio.it",
                "visibility_pct": 2.57,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 2.57,
                "mentions": 37,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0.84
            },
            {
                "rank": 10,
                "brand": "CapCut",
                "visibility_pct": 2.36,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 2.36,
                "mentions": 34,
                "replicate_range_pp": 1.25
            }
        ],
        "google_ai_mode": [
            {
                "rank": 1,
                "brand": "Google",
                "visibility_pct": 16.39,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 16.39,
                "mentions": 236,
                "replicate_range_pp": 2.29
            },
            {
                "rank": 2,
                "brand": "Facile.it",
                "visibility_pct": 11.32,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 11.32,
                "mentions": 163,
                "replicate_range_pp": 1.46
            },
            {
                "rank": 3,
                "brand": "Segugio.it",
                "visibility_pct": 7.85,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 7.85,
                "mentions": 113,
                "replicate_range_pp": 1.04
            },
            {
                "rank": 4,
                "brand": "Amazon",
                "visibility_pct": 6.18,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 6.18,
                "mentions": 89,
                "replicate_range_pp": 1.66
            },
            {
                "rank": 5,
                "brand": "Samsung",
                "visibility_pct": 6.18,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 6.18,
                "mentions": 89,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0.84
            },
            {
                "rank": 6,
                "brand": "Apple",
                "visibility_pct": 5.97,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 5.97,
                "mentions": 86,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0.42
            },
            {
                "rank": 7,
                "brand": "Meta",
                "visibility_pct": 5.56,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 5.56,
                "mentions": 80,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0.83
            },
            {
                "rank": 8,
                "brand": "Microsoft",
                "visibility_pct": 4.17,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 4.17,
                "mentions": 60,
                "replicate_range_pp": 1.25
            },
            {
                "rank": 9,
                "brand": "Motorola",
                "visibility_pct": 3.41,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 3.41,
                "mentions": 49,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0.42
            },
            {
                "rank": 10,
                "brand": "Skyscanner",
                "visibility_pct": 3.26,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 3.26,
                "mentions": 47,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0.2
            }
        ],
        "google_ai_overview": [
            {
                "rank": 1,
                "brand": "Google",
                "visibility_pct": 10.28,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 13.69,
                "mentions": 148,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0.21
            },
            {
                "rank": 2,
                "brand": "Segugio.it",
                "visibility_pct": 7.15,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 9.53,
                "mentions": 103,
                "replicate_range_pp": 1.46
            },
            {
                "rank": 3,
                "brand": "Facile.it",
                "visibility_pct": 6.25,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 8.33,
                "mentions": 90,
                "replicate_range_pp": 2.29
            },
            {
                "rank": 4,
                "brand": "Microsoft",
                "visibility_pct": 4.24,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 5.64,
                "mentions": 61,
                "replicate_range_pp": 1.87
            },
            {
                "rank": 5,
                "brand": "Amazon",
                "visibility_pct": 3.26,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 4.35,
                "mentions": 47,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0.2
            },
            {
                "rank": 6,
                "brand": "CapCut",
                "visibility_pct": 2.71,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 3.61,
                "mentions": 39,
                "replicate_range_pp": 1.05
            },
            {
                "rank": 7,
                "brand": "Shopify",
                "visibility_pct": 2.15,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 2.87,
                "mentions": 31,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0.21
            },
            {
                "rank": 8,
                "brand": "Moto Guzzi",
                "visibility_pct": 2.1,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 2.8,
                "mentions": 30,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0
            },
            {
                "rank": 9,
                "brand": "BPER",
                "visibility_pct": 2.08,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 2.78,
                "mentions": 30,
                "replicate_range_pp": 2.29
            },
            {
                "rank": 10,
                "brand": "WooCommerce",
                "visibility_pct": 1.6,
                "surface_visibility_pct": 2.13,
                "mentions": 23,
                "replicate_range_pp": 0.21
            }
        ]
    },
    "brand_divergence": [
        {
            "engine_a": "chatgpt",
            "engine_b": "gemini",
            "label_a": "ChatGPT",
            "label_b": "Gemini",
            "agreement_pct": 44.12,
            "divergence_pct": 55.88,
            "both_with_brands": 621
        },
        {
            "engine_a": "chatgpt",
            "engine_b": "google_ai_mode",
            "label_a": "ChatGPT",
            "label_b": "Google AI Mode",
            "agreement_pct": 40.39,
            "divergence_pct": 59.61,
            "both_with_brands": 686
        },
        {
            "engine_a": "chatgpt",
            "engine_b": "google_ai_overview",
            "label_a": "ChatGPT",
            "label_b": "Google AI Overview",
            "agreement_pct": 39.66,
            "divergence_pct": 60.34,
            "both_with_brands": 473
        },
        {
            "engine_a": "gemini",
            "engine_b": "google_ai_mode",
            "label_a": "Gemini",
            "label_b": "Google AI Mode",
            "agreement_pct": 43.15,
            "divergence_pct": 56.85,
            "both_with_brands": 818
        },
        {
            "engine_a": "gemini",
            "engine_b": "google_ai_overview",
            "label_a": "Gemini",
            "label_b": "Google AI Overview",
            "agreement_pct": 37.8,
            "divergence_pct": 62.2,
            "both_with_brands": 571
        },
        {
            "engine_a": "google_ai_mode",
            "engine_b": "google_ai_overview",
            "label_a": "Google AI Mode",
            "label_b": "Google AI Overview",
            "agreement_pct": 43.27,
            "divergence_pct": 56.73,
            "both_with_brands": 644
        }
    ],
    "replicates": {
        "chatgpt": [
            {
                "replicate": 1,
                "surface_rate_pct": 100,
                "unprompted_visibility_pct": 56.67
            },
            {
                "replicate": 2,
                "surface_rate_pct": 100,
                "unprompted_visibility_pct": 54.79
            },
            {
                "replicate": 3,
                "surface_rate_pct": 100,
                "unprompted_visibility_pct": 53.33
            }
        ],
        "gemini": [
            {
                "replicate": 1,
                "surface_rate_pct": 100,
                "unprompted_visibility_pct": 64.58
            },
            {
                "replicate": 2,
                "surface_rate_pct": 100,
                "unprompted_visibility_pct": 65.63
            },
            {
                "replicate": 3,
                "surface_rate_pct": 100,
                "unprompted_visibility_pct": 62.08
            }
        ],
        "google_ai_mode": [
            {
                "replicate": 1,
                "surface_rate_pct": 100,
                "unprompted_visibility_pct": 75
            },
            {
                "replicate": 2,
                "surface_rate_pct": 100,
                "unprompted_visibility_pct": 76.46
            },
            {
                "replicate": 3,
                "surface_rate_pct": 100,
                "unprompted_visibility_pct": 73.33
            }
        ],
        "google_ai_overview": [
            {
                "replicate": 1,
                "surface_rate_pct": 75.21,
                "unprompted_visibility_pct": 50.42
            },
            {
                "replicate": 2,
                "surface_rate_pct": 74.79,
                "unprompted_visibility_pct": 49.79
            },
            {
                "replicate": 3,
                "surface_rate_pct": 75.21,
                "unprompted_visibility_pct": 51.25
            }
        ]
    },
    "source_divergence": [
        {
            "engine_a": "ChatGPT",
            "engine_b": "Gemini",
            "divergence_pct": 89.94
        },
        {
            "engine_a": "ChatGPT",
            "engine_b": "Google AI Overview",
            "divergence_pct": 91.27
        },
        {
            "engine_a": "Gemini",
            "engine_b": "Google AI Overview",
            "divergence_pct": 82.77
        }
    ],
    "source_metrics": {
        "chatgpt": {
            "surface_rate_pct": 100,
            "citation_rate_pct": 93.33,
            "search_source_rate_pct": 95.27,
            "source_coverage_pct": 95.27,
            "unique_domains": 1272
        },
        "gemini": {
            "surface_rate_pct": 100,
            "citation_rate_pct": 59.33,
            "search_source_rate_pct": 2.67,
            "source_coverage_pct": 60.8,
            "unique_domains": 986
        },
        "google_ai_mode": {
            "surface_rate_pct": 100,
            "citation_rate_pct": null,
            "search_source_rate_pct": 88.87,
            "source_coverage_pct": 89.07,
            "unique_domains": null,
            "comparability_note": "Citation e domain attribution aggregate esclusi per discontinuità della strumentazione."
        },
        "google_ai_overview": {
            "surface_rate_pct": 76.07,
            "citation_rate_pct": 76,
            "search_source_rate_pct": 0,
            "source_coverage_pct": 76,
            "unique_domains": 1075
        }
    },
    "source_ecosystems": {
        "ChatGPT": [
            "ARERA",
            "Treccani",
            "IVASS",
            "Shopify",
            "support.google.com",
            "IBM"
        ],
        "Gemini": [
            "Facile.it",
            "Papernest",
            "Reddit",
            "Aranzulla",
            "Tom’s Hardware"
        ],
        "Google AI Overview": [
            "YouTube",
            "Facebook",
            "Facile.it",
            "Wikipedia",
            "Reddit",
            "Instagram",
            "TikTok"
        ]
    },
    "aio_top_sources": [
        {
            "domain": "YouTube",
            "observations": 818,
            "pct": 54.53
        },
        {
            "domain": "Facebook",
            "observations": 250,
            "pct": 16.67
        },
        {
            "domain": "Facile.it",
            "observations": 159,
            "pct": 10.6
        },
        {
            "domain": "Wikipedia",
            "observations": 126,
            "pct": 8.4
        },
        {
            "domain": "Reddit",
            "observations": 95,
            "pct": 6.33
        },
        {
            "domain": "Instagram",
            "observations": 83,
            "pct": 5.53
        },
        {
            "domain": "TikTok",
            "observations": 57,
            "pct": 3.8
        }
    ],
    "methodology": {
        "brand_metrics_version": "brand-metrics-v1.2",
        "source_metrics_version": "research-public-methodology-v1.1",
        "primary_brand_metric": "Unprompted Commercial Brand Visibility",
        "brand_divergence_definition": "1 - Jaccard",
        "source_divergence_definition": "1 - Jaccard",
        "aio_note": "Per AIO vengono mostrati sia il denominatore su tutte le osservazioni sia quello condizionato alla presenza della superficie.",
        "ai_mode_note": "Le metriche aggregate di citation attribution e domain attribution di AI Mode sono escluse dai confronti a causa di una discontinuità nei metadati esposti dal provider."
    },
    "provenance": {
        "research_brand_engine_metrics_v1.2.csv": "21c982b212f30be4ff656593cd847aa84cf54d031d817706fff692a0285d9322",
        "research_top_brands_v1.2.csv": "7abaa36033fe1701b091581963f7490cff2f6c5599db4ad64bcd59e91466f9e5",
        "research_brand_pair_agreement_v1.2.csv": "0fe71d759303eb4ff5c0afa160f7883f18a383e069b50a0a2c0829431c8b84b9",
        "research_brand_replicate_metrics_v1.2.csv": "37ff6508487d3061d2cde0d67fc1a17844e8693534dda16cac3bad258141c4f3",
        "research-brand-metrics-v1.2.json": "2afc759b52b274aa93543bdb517b30a3b8f63f4b58c45ad2fc42a43a4f9411a4"
    },
    "generated_at": "2026-09-05T12:36:52+00:00"
}